Essay On Banking System

Essay On Banking System.

Modern financial practice is of a complicated nature having attained this highly developed efficiency after ages of evolution, but the profession of banking in some form or the other has existed even in the earliest times. The original form of banking in our country may have been purely money-lending but with the changing need of times people felt the need of depositing money for safe custody and interest with persons or businessmen of integrity and character.

The money so deposited would etch some interest to the depositor while the persons entrusted with the money would lend it out to others at a higher rate of interest than he himself was paying. This. I its simplest form, is the practice of banking, lending out on interest moneys that have been deposited by other persons.

Banking is a very necessary wheel in the complicated machinery of modern commerce. It is noticed that countries which are most advanced in commerce and trade have a very efficient and highly developed system of banking.

In Pakistan the modern system has not extended far enough and this does to spell well for the country's trade. Credit plays a very important part in modern business. A perfectly honest businessman may have the capacity to invest money in such a way as to derive a great profit out of it and his business may call for greater investment that he can meet from his own purse.

It is in such a case that he is to utilise other people's money which for them may not have the same productive value. It is the banks that, by supplying the requisite money, not only help the individual concerned in his business, but also realise the full productive worth of money and increase the trade and commerce of the country. Thus an important functions of banks is to prevent hoarding of wealth with individuals by taking charge of there money for safe custody with an undertaking to return it either at a definite date or on demand.

For fixed deposits banks usually pay a higher rate of interest than in other cases, of they can safely invest such moneys in one business or the other for a definite period. In case of current deposit the banker undertakes to repay the money on demand by meeting cheques of order notes of the depositor and as he has to produce money at a very short notice, he has to keep a considerable portion of it in hand or invested in such a manner than it can be collected almost at once.

It may not be out of place to mention here the more complicated functions of a modern bank. Besides the function of borrowing and lending, keeping money in safely custody, some banks exercise. Bank also serve as places of safe deposit not only for money but also for jewellery, documents and valuable securities. In Pakistan business of all the above natures is done by native banks. The international business of agency for payments between one country and another is done mostly by foreign banks which have their branches in this country.

Scope from the above prefatory remarks it can be gathered that banking as a profession has the potentiality of providing work for thousands of youngmen. The start on the profession, it must be admitted, is not very encouraging and the work is hard especially for the first few years. The hours of office work are generally long and holidays are few and far between. But withal this, banking affords really good prospects for the person with a steady mind who is not afraid of hard work and has a lot patience in him.

A junior clerk who has had no previous training will have to being at the very lowest rung of the ladder and may have to pick up office routine business of sorting and filing the papers. affixing rubber stamps, bringing the "pass books- of customers accounts up date, assisting in classifying the cheques sent in for payment. Later on he may be entrusted with entries in the ledger -- a more responsible and, therefore, better paid work is done systematically by the clerical staff.

Thus from the counter he may be promoted to the chair. If he is found efficient. he may be given charge of a branch as its manager, in which case he will be responsible for all that is done in the branch and will have to exercise great deal of caution in the amount of credit he allows to businessmen, the way in which he tackles business problems and the manner in which he organises the work. In the last years of his service he may get a really good post of responsibility at the head office.

It must be made clear that banking does not encourage men who want to get rich quick. The progress is slow but steady and for the competent person there are really good jobs at the top.

Qualification: Patience and love of methodical work, neatness and accuracy, amenability to discipline are the essential requisites of a bank clerk, for he has to be formed into an efficient cog in a highly complicated machinery. As the bank clerk has to come contact with a large number of customers of varied types, temperament and character, he should have a presentable appearance, good address and manner, reliability and honesty.

He must also be the professor of a good general education, for if he aspires to managership of or some other responsible job which imposes on him the duty of dealing with a large number of persons, he must have educational attainments to be capable of dealing with varied situations calling forth tact and knowledge of finance, psychology and commercial law. Thus university education up to the degree standard is the generally accepted qualification. Bachelors of Commerce are more eagerly taken into employment by banks than those in arts or the sciences.

Essay On My Favorite Actor | Essay On Acting

Essay On My Favorite Actor | Essay On Acting

The stage as a profession was never looked upon with favour by the educated and highbrow classes in Pakistan. There was suppose to be attached to the profession a sort of indignity and looseness, which scared away men from the better-class families.Women votaries of the stage were few and those, too, from quarters anything but respectable. Most of the theatrical companies had boys to portray female characters. 

Barring a few exceptions; perhaps in the case of Eastern India, the stage here was of a haphazard character. The art of portrayal of emotions was reduced to mere artifice of melodramatic gesticulation and high-sounding phrases. Some provinces, including the Punjab, had no stage of their own and any enterprising set of players from Bombay and Calcutta could carry such provinces by storm.

The itinearant theatrical companies, it appears, have received a death-blow with the advent of the talking pictures. The only shortcomings that were experienced by cinema-goers, in the "silent days-lack of songs and all their discomforts have fallen into un-popularity. Excepting a few big companies in the largest towns, stage acting here is reduced to nought.

The work of providing amusement for the over-wrought millions is, therefore, being gradually monopolised by the cinema. Unhappily, ours is a land of deep-rooted orthodoxy and there exists a prejudice against every innovation. The forces of conservatism mustered strong in raising a storm of protest against the growth of cinema industry and to begin with it was impossible for any educated talent to find its way into the industry. The actors and actresses were mostly drawn from the existing stage in the Indo¬Pakistan sub-continent or, with the invention of the 'talkies,' from the public songstresses. Naturally, such an atmosphere was not inviting to girls and boys from respectable classes taking up this profession.

The conditions, happily, have changed and are still changing for the better. There is a sprinkling of educated boys and girls among our film stars and there is a constant demand for more. .The industry is certainly developing and this demand is likely to remain strong for a considerable time.

Cinema acting as a career affords great attraction. Film stars draw fabulous salaries. In Hollywood, which leads the world film industry, film celebrities like John Gilbert, Har'old Lloyd. Douglas. Fairbanks. Charlie Chaplain make nearly $500,000 a year, Mae West for here picture I am No Angel- received more than $ 75,000 and numeroug stars are paid higher than the President of America. In Pakistan also actors who cannot spell their names draw five figure salaries.

But the picture is not entirely rosy: there is a dark side to it. The glamour of the cinema has drawn many young boys and girls to the centre of industry at Hollywood, in Pakistan at Lahore; but few of them have had any amount of success. These are the places where are found strange inconsistencies in life, beauty in rags vainly knocking at the door of fortune while humpbacked ugliness rolls in wealth. A person who is a star to day may be in the gutter a few days later. On the other hand, starts have been made overnight. In one film a nonentity may sky-rocket to the heights of celebrity.

F'redditte Bartholomew and Shirley Temple, the child prodigies, were taken from very humble surroundings. The profession of acting for the silver screen is, therefore, a gamble. Only real work and talent can hope to succeed, as it is bound to.

A passion for acting and determination to take it a study of lifetime are essential. Sustained industry and perseverance, sociability and social attainments, such as being a good conversationalist, swimmer or sportsman. are the requisite qualifications for a guccessful actor. Good general education is an invaluable asset in the line; a mobile and expressive face and, above all, a good voice which can easily be taken up by the microphone. The voice must have flexibility and modulation and the intonation clear with complete absence of tendency to slur over the syllables which is proving to be the bane of our actors. Putting in a nutshel, the speech should have all the elements of effective speaking, such as purity of diction, resonance, inflexion and rhythm. It will be advisible for the aspirants to practise recitation.

Next in value in the case of the talkies comes the facial expression. Mobility of the face does not mean capability of making a number of varied grimaces; it is the various emotions of the human mind, like anger, surprise, pleasure, sorrow, despondency, despair, elation, that have to be registered at once in the eye, the face and the tone of voice. If the eye laughs mischievously while the tone and the words spoken convey a sense of extreme sorrow, the result is bound to be disgusting.

A good and expressive eye that can flash, flame, dart. laugh, weep and blink as the occasion demands is a great asset to a successful actor. Control of facial muscles can also great asset to a successful actor. Control of facial muscles can also be taken up to an art as in the case of the late Lon Chaney, the man with a thousand faces, ' but talent in Pakistan is yet in a very undeveloped state. We see here mostly stolid and wooden faces which can only be made to change their expression with palpable effort and most of the artistes go into hysterics to conceal their failure at registering the requisite emotion.

Essay On Science Reports Research On Malaria

Essay On Malaria Disease Essay On Science Reports Research On Malaria

These was confusion about malaria. Up to recent times people thought that malaria was caused by the unhealthy mists (called -miasma-) that rise from marshy ground at night. The very name "malaria- shows this; for it means -bad air-. But it has been proved that the culprit is not marsh fog, but an insect, the mosquito. It is the bite of mosquitoes, or rather or one kind of mosquito, the Anopheles, that gives people malaria.

Like most other diseases, malaria is due to a tiny germ. This germ multiplying in a person's blood gives him malaria. Now when a mosquito bites a person that has malaria, and sucks his blood, it takes in some malaria germs. When it bites other persons after that, it injects into their blood some of these malaria germs. which give those thus bitten malaria in their turn.

So mosquitoes are carriers of malaria from one person to another. The only real cure for malaria is quinine. When you take quinine, it gets into your blood, and kills the malaria germs there. People who live in malarious districts take quinine as preventative; so that, if they get bitten by mosquitoes, the malaria germs may be killed as soon as they get into the blood before they can breed and multiply. They also take care to sleep under mosquitoes-nets. These protect them from getting bitten by mosquitoes, which are always most active at night.

But the only way to stamp out malaria is to get rid of the mosquitoes. How can this be done? Well, the mosquito begins its life as a tiny grub in water. These grubs are hatched from eggs which the female mosquito lays on the surface of stagnant water. The only way of stamping out mosquitoes is to do away with the mosquitoes' breeding places.

So, standing pools must be drained dry, ditches of stagnant water cleaned out, and wells and rain-water tanks kept covered. When a pool cannot be drained, its surface should be covered with kerosene oil. This prevents mosquitoes from laying their eggs there, and it kills the mosquito grubs in the water by preventing them coming up to the surface to breathe.

If such measures were carried out systematically in any malarious district, mosquitoes would in time be stamped out, as they have been in Panama; and malaria, which is such a scourge in Pakistan. would trouble the people no more.