Essay On Banking System

Essay On Banking System.

Modern financial practice is of a complicated nature having attained this highly developed efficiency after ages of evolution, but the profession of banking in some form or the other has existed even in the earliest times. The original form of banking in our country may have been purely money-lending but with the changing need of times people felt the need of depositing money for safe custody and interest with persons or businessmen of integrity and character.

The money so deposited would etch some interest to the depositor while the persons entrusted with the money would lend it out to others at a higher rate of interest than he himself was paying. This. I its simplest form, is the practice of banking, lending out on interest moneys that have been deposited by other persons.

Banking is a very necessary wheel in the complicated machinery of modern commerce. It is noticed that countries which are most advanced in commerce and trade have a very efficient and highly developed system of banking.

In Pakistan the modern system has not extended far enough and this does to spell well for the country's trade. Credit plays a very important part in modern business. A perfectly honest businessman may have the capacity to invest money in such a way as to derive a great profit out of it and his business may call for greater investment that he can meet from his own purse.

It is in such a case that he is to utilise other people's money which for them may not have the same productive value. It is the banks that, by supplying the requisite money, not only help the individual concerned in his business, but also realise the full productive worth of money and increase the trade and commerce of the country. Thus an important functions of banks is to prevent hoarding of wealth with individuals by taking charge of there money for safe custody with an undertaking to return it either at a definite date or on demand.

For fixed deposits banks usually pay a higher rate of interest than in other cases, of they can safely invest such moneys in one business or the other for a definite period. In case of current deposit the banker undertakes to repay the money on demand by meeting cheques of order notes of the depositor and as he has to produce money at a very short notice, he has to keep a considerable portion of it in hand or invested in such a manner than it can be collected almost at once.

It may not be out of place to mention here the more complicated functions of a modern bank. Besides the function of borrowing and lending, keeping money in safely custody, some banks exercise. Bank also serve as places of safe deposit not only for money but also for jewellery, documents and valuable securities. In Pakistan business of all the above natures is done by native banks. The international business of agency for payments between one country and another is done mostly by foreign banks which have their branches in this country.

Scope from the above prefatory remarks it can be gathered that banking as a profession has the potentiality of providing work for thousands of youngmen. The start on the profession, it must be admitted, is not very encouraging and the work is hard especially for the first few years. The hours of office work are generally long and holidays are few and far between. But withal this, banking affords really good prospects for the person with a steady mind who is not afraid of hard work and has a lot patience in him.

A junior clerk who has had no previous training will have to being at the very lowest rung of the ladder and may have to pick up office routine business of sorting and filing the papers. affixing rubber stamps, bringing the "pass books- of customers accounts up date, assisting in classifying the cheques sent in for payment. Later on he may be entrusted with entries in the ledger -- a more responsible and, therefore, better paid work is done systematically by the clerical staff.

Thus from the counter he may be promoted to the chair. If he is found efficient. he may be given charge of a branch as its manager, in which case he will be responsible for all that is done in the branch and will have to exercise great deal of caution in the amount of credit he allows to businessmen, the way in which he tackles business problems and the manner in which he organises the work. In the last years of his service he may get a really good post of responsibility at the head office.

It must be made clear that banking does not encourage men who want to get rich quick. The progress is slow but steady and for the competent person there are really good jobs at the top.

Qualification: Patience and love of methodical work, neatness and accuracy, amenability to discipline are the essential requisites of a bank clerk, for he has to be formed into an efficient cog in a highly complicated machinery. As the bank clerk has to come contact with a large number of customers of varied types, temperament and character, he should have a presentable appearance, good address and manner, reliability and honesty.

He must also be the professor of a good general education, for if he aspires to managership of or some other responsible job which imposes on him the duty of dealing with a large number of persons, he must have educational attainments to be capable of dealing with varied situations calling forth tact and knowledge of finance, psychology and commercial law. Thus university education up to the degree standard is the generally accepted qualification. Bachelors of Commerce are more eagerly taken into employment by banks than those in arts or the sciences.

Essay on Low Purchasing Power

Prices play a very vital role in the modern economy particularly the one which involves a free enterprise system. They guide and organize, like an invisible hand, almost all the economic activities concerning production, consumption, distribution and exchange of goods and services. The important functions usually performed by the prices perform the function of Co-ordination between consumption and production automatically. The consumers are able to convey their preferences through the prices they are willing to offer.

Similarly, the producers are able to indicate the channels into which they would allocate their productive resources. When price of a commodity rises it checks demand and stimulates supply, and vice versa. The price of a commodity or a service constitutes an income, which is through purchasing power, determines the extent and direction of economic activities. Due to this important function of prices there seems to be every justification to say, that the modern free enterprise system is governed by prices.

Prices are supposed to harmonize the interest of both the consumers and the producers. According to Beriham, ‘They tend to harmonize the desire of entrepreneurs for profits and the desire of consumers to satisfy their wants as fully as possible from the factors of production available. Prices automatically allocate the productive resources among the various uses in such a manner that each makes a maximum contribution to the total output.

Any misallocation is rectified through the price indicators. Price allocates the available labour force of a country by balancing the relevant supply and demand without any favoritism and injustice.
Analyzing the role of prices in an economy it can be concluded that the movements of prices can control the whole working of economy. Therefore, the factors including fiscal and monetary policies and institutions which are responsible to determine the direct ions of movements should be exploited very wisely. A healthy and smooth working of an economy largely depends upon the smooth movements of prices. Abrupt changes in movement of prices result in far- reaching distortions in the working of an economy.

The inflationary pressure in Pakistan has been considered mainly due to the global cause by the experts and economists. Being linked with the economies of other countries on basis of foreign trade, economic assistance, transfer t technology and direct foreign investment, Pakistan cannot avoid its impact. However, Pakistan has to suffer harder than the other due to her particular domestic circumstances; prolonged adverse position of balance of payments, extension deficit financing, international currency disturbances and acute shortage of commodities surplus to be exported. Besides, the constant increase in prices of imports such as wheat edible oils, petroleum and various kinds of machinery etc. has put Pakistan in great trouble. Since the last thirty years constructional activities in both the public and private sectors have increased to a great extent. The expenditure on construction have considerably increased the total supply of money in the country which has ultimately led to galloping inflation in Pakistan- To ease the burden of debt servicing and to lower the budget deficit a transparent privatization programme can help effectively. For this purpose, privatization proceeds should be properly used for debt retirement.